2006年、2007年大纲样题 Sample Three Directions: You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar"tombstone"that lists where you went to school and where you've worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the "functional"resume－descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview. It's handy to have a "tombstone"for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested"tombstone"lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead. What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read－a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers. 41.Put yourself first: In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself. 42.Sell what you can do, not who you are: Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work. Toot your own horn! Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch－if only you show it. 43. Be specific, be concrete, and be brief! Remember that "brevity is the best policy." 44.Turn bad news into good: Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side. 45.Never apologize: If you've returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Don't apologize for working at being a mother; it's the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don't mention education. The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don't worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you've ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you've satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right. Isn't that the kind of person you'd want working for your? ［A］A woman who lost her job as a teacher's aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:"Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire if government funds became available." ［B］One resume I received included the following:"Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization's accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion."Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward－all in 34 words. ［C］For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills. ［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement"Ready to learn though not so well educated". ［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background. ［F］A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She'd agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn't in her resume. She answered,"It wasn't important."What she was really saying of course was"I'm not important." 41题根据已知信息中的you have to feel important about yourself.和选项中的"It wasn't important."What she was really saying of course was"I'm not important."重复的词汇可以初步确定该答案，该题目用的是反证法。 42题根据已知信息中重复的关键词skill和选项中的you have money management skills. 关键词的复现可以确定该答案，E选项尽管出现了skills，但是同时出现了education background，等于在论证中扩大了观点的适用范围。 43题根据已知信息中重复的关键词brief和brevity和选项中的all in 34 words以及已知信息中的specific和选项中的specify确定答案。 44题略有难度。已知信息中的bad news/disappointments 以及good/ positive 分别和选项中的lost her job以及 "Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire."对应，从概括到具体。 45题根据已知信息中的If you have no special training or higher education, just don't mention education.和选项中的being biased due to the statement"Ready to learn though not so well educated".关键词复现初步确定答案。该题目用的是反证法。
2006年大纲样题 Sample Four Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) ［A］What to do as a student? ［B］Various definitions of plagiarism ［C］Ideas should always be sourced ［D］Ignorance can be forgiven ［E］Plagiarism is equivalent to theft ［F］The consequences of plagiarism
Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is"the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another." 41.
The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources. 42.
Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention. 43.
Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer's inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished. 44.
Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note- taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography－are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although 'there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them," the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged. 45. The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention. The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty. 41题根据已知段落中的penalties for plagiarism，the punishment等词汇确定应该是plagiarism的后果consequences.从具体到概括。 42题根据已知段落中的Students must avoid various types of plagiarism确定答案是［A］What to do as a student?关键词重现以及从具体到概括。 43题根据已知段落中的Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, the least serious and, can be exempt from being severely punished. 确定答案是Ignorance can be forgiven.关键词同义替换。 44题略有难度，但用排除法很容易排除［B］Various definitions of plagiarism，因而确定答案［C］Ideas should always be sourced，此外，关键词idea的复现也提供了解题线索。 45题根据已知段落中的academic thievery，steal确定答案是Plagiarism is equivalent to theft，关键词同义替换。
2007年大纲样题 Sample Four Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about how to select a fund. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and the last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (10 points) [A] Watching related expenses and making wise choice [B] Paying attention to details [C] Weighing your financial goals and expectations first [D] Maintaining realistic expectations [E] Narrowing the search [F] Not too special Eating better. Exercising. Investing. There are a lot of things you know should be doing. The problem is that getting started always seems to be the hardest part. For many investors, mutual funds are a good way to go, but trying to sort through the number of available choices- now more than 10,000 - makes this important task appear overwhelming. Let's look at some ways to cut that number down to a reasonable size, as well as other factors to consider when selecting your first fund. 41. ______________________ Before you begin examining potential investments, it' s important to take some time to assess your own goals and risk tolerance. If you start with a clear objective in mind, as well as an understanding as to how you might react if your investment loses money, you'll be less likely to purchase a fund that doesn't fit your needs. And that's what often leads to disappointment. It is important to look for funds that are appropriate for both your goals and your investment temperament. 42. ______________________ One way to begin your search for a good fund is to use the Morningstar star rating. The rating is a useful tool for narrowing the field to funds that have done a good job of balancing return and risk in the past. To assign ratings, Morningstar uses a formula that compares a fund's risk-adjusted historical performance with that of other funds within four rating groups-domestic stock funds, international stock funds, taxable bond funds, and municipal bond 43. _______________________ Funds that invest solely in a single market sectors, called specialty funds, often have impressive returns and may be great additions to a diversified portfolio. However, the success of such funds depends largely on the fortunes of a particular market sector. Hence, specialty funds probably aren't the best way to start. For your first fund, look for a diversified stock fund that has exposure to different types of stocks.
44. ___________________ There's no free lunch in fund investing: in addition to the sales fees that some fund companies charge, fund investors must also pay management fees and trading costs. Unfortunately, you don't necessarily get what you pay for-no one has ever shown that more expensive funds provide greater returns. Look for funds with reasonable costs. The expense ratio, which expresses annual costs as a percentage amount, is probably the best number to use when comparing mutual fund costs. 45, ____________________ Whatever the market does, try to take it in stride. You're in r the long haul, so don't worry about the market's day-to-day rations. Relax and resist the temptation to monitor your first investment daily. Check in on your mutual funds once a month, and give your portfolio a thorough exam every 6 to 12 months. And I consider adding to your fund each month. An automatic investment plan makes it a relatively painless process. Finally, remember that the ultimate measure of your success as an investor depends not on your owning the best-performing mutual fund. Only one fund will be the top performer over the next decade, and there's no way to predict which one it will be. Meeting your own financial goals should ultimately be the yardstick by which you measure your investment success. 41题根据已知段落中的关键词assess your own goals, objective ,your goals确定答案Weighing your financial goals and expectations first，其中，goals关键词复现，goal和objective是同义词。 42题根据已知段落中的关键词narrowing the field，确定答案Narrowing the search，关键词复现。 43题根据已知段落中的solely ，a single market sectors, specialty funds, diversified, particular market sector. different 等同义词或反义词，确定答案Not too special，关键词复现。 44题根据已知段落中的fees和costs重复和很多次，确定答案Watching related expenses and making wise choice, 关键词复现。 45题略有难度。需要考生较强的概括能力。但很容易利用排除法排除B选项，进而选D
